1962: Communist Rift

During 1962, international events caused a final rupture between the Soviet Union and China. Mao criticised Khrushchev for backing down in the Cuban missile crisis ("Khrushchev has moved from adventurism to capitulationism"), to which Khrushchev responded that Mao's policies would lead to a nuclear war. At the same time, the Soviets openly supported India in its brief war with China. These events were followed by formal statements of each side's ideological positions: the Chinese published The Chinese Communist Party's Proposal Concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement [1] in June 1963. The Soviets responded with Open Letter of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [2] This was the last formal communication between the two parties. Wikipedia

January 11th the state of union address (Summers p.288) – Vietnam, Civil Rights and taxes and the line praising the FBI for its “coordinated and hard-hitting effort” – at the same time he was plotting to get rid of Hoover.

Vietnam

By 1962 there were 10,000 US troops in South Vietnam. Air commandos of Special Operations Force “wearing civilian clothes and flying planes with marking of South Vietnamese Air Force…attacked VC concentrations in the jungles.”

JFK sent 400 US Green Beret “special advisors” to south vietnam to train soldiers in methods of ‘counter insurgency’ against Viet Cong guerrillas. The GBs established Civilian Irregular Defence Groups (CIDG) of fierce mountain men – the Montagnards who wnet on to establish fortified camps along mountains to thwart North Vinetam infiltration.

The US was involved in direct military attacks against indigenous popular forces in South Vietnam. B-52s were being based in Guam and Thailand.

Despite this on January 15th, during a press conference, JFK denied any US combatants were involved in fighting in Vietnam. 

Ranger block II spacecraft diagram. (NASA)Ranger 3, launched 26 January 1962, lunar probe, spacecraft failed, missed moon

Hoover got word in December 1961 that Kennedys were about to fire him. Soon after Hoover’s lunch with JFK in 1962 (p293) – “Thunderbolt” – FBI controlled hate sheet printed “kennedys divorce exposed!”

A debunking came in “newsweek” but already serious embarrassment hoover came to rescue. P.293 summers

Affair with sngie dickinson

Feb 1st 1962 MM met B.Kennedy for first time.

JFK hadn’t seen Hoover for a year – but called him on March 22nd. Records do not state whether JFK tried to fire him – but the meeting went badly and JFK hissed  to his aide “get rid of that bastard”. Hoover had learned about the plot to kill Castro and Giancana’s involvement – Kennedys involvement with the mob, etc….pp 289/290 summers

Ranger 4, launched 23 April 1962, lunar probe, spacecraft failed, impact

Marilyn Monroe

JFK saw MM again on May 19th in New York but apparently never again. MM plunged into black despair pathetic letters to J.

Kennedy ended his affair with Monroe in May 22nd 1962  she would not accept this – plunged into a black despair – drugs and barbiturates. Monroe was in pysychiatic collapse. She wrote “pathetic letters” to Jack and in phone calls she threatened to go to the press. Bobby was sent to “cool her off”. But Bobby and Monroe became lovers, “a if she could no longer tell the difference between Bobby and Jack” – Peter Lawford’ quotes.

Eventually Bobby too tried to distance himself.

All of this was being litened to – surveillance by obsters Giancana and Hoffa and Hoover too.

B. went to comfort MM and slept with her. Then hired to distance himself as she went into psychiatric collapse.

Too late. He was drawn in and caught on surveillance records bu Giancana and Hoffa.

June 27th BK arrived at MM’s home alone – lunch at Peter Lawford’s house.

Break up of empires

France transfers sovereignty to new republic of Algeria (July 3).

Burundi, Jamaica, Western Samoa, Uganda, and Trinidad and Tobago become independent. William Faulkner wins Pulitzer for The Reivers.

Monroe was found dead on August 4th – “probably” suicide according to Coroner.

August 4th MM found dead – “probably” suicide – the way that Giancana murdered people – to expose Bobby?

Summers p.299

Mass of testomony suggests Bobby flew to LA to comfort MM on August 4th – ugly quarrel. MM said she was going to hold a press conference on Monday morning about the way Kennedys had treated her. Bobby lost his temper and said no phone calls, no letters, nothing.

MM became hysterical but was subdued and her psychiatrist was called, who believed he had calmed her and left for dinner. Desperate calls to Kennedy – and he came back. They found her dead or dying. K phoned for an ambulance. Tuned around when it was clear she was dead and replaced her body in the bed. Bobby rapidly left town.

Cover up followed – greatly helped by Hoover. Evidence vanished. Phone records disappeared pp 300, 301

John dumped Judith Campbell after this close escape.

On August 7th B said “I hope Hoover will continue to serve this country for many, many years to come.”

Autumn 1962 a total rift between Kennedys and Hoover – the special phone was never used.

Envelopes pp 280/291

Giancana – again -  he felt betrayed for this he plotted to kill Kennedy.

By 1962 Giancana had hired surveillance experts to collect dirt on the Kennedys.

Space

Block 2 missions

Ranger 5, launched 18 October 1962, lunar probe, spacecraft failed, missed

Block 2 of the Ranger project launched three spacecraft to the Moon in 1962, carrying a TV camera, a radiation detector, and a seismometer in a separate capsule slowed by a rocket motor and packaged to survive its low-speed impact on the Moon’s surface. The three missions together demonstrated good performance of the Atlas/Agena B launch vehicle and the adequacy of the spacecraft design, but unfortunately not all on the same attempt. Ranger 3 was launched into deep space, but an inaccuracy put it off course and it missed the Moon entirely. Ranger 4 had a perfect launch, but the spacecraft was completely disabled. The project team tracked the seismometer capsule to impact just out of sight on the lunar far side, validating the communications and navigation system. Ranger 5 missed the Moon and was disabled. No significant science information was gleaned from these missions. The craft weighed 331 kg.

Around the end of Block 2, it was discovered that a type of diode used in previous missions produced problematic gold-plate flaking in the conditions of space. This may have been responsible for some of the failures.[1]

Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr., is first American to orbit Earth—three times in 4 hr 55 min (Feb. 20).

Operation Northwoods

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods

Operation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a 1962 plan by the US Department of Defense to cause acts of simulated or real terrorism and violence on US soil or against US interests, blamed on Cuba, in order to generate U.S. public support for military action against the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. As part of the U.S. government's Operation Mongoose anti-Castro initiative, the plan, which was not implemented, called for various false flag actions, including simulated or real state-sponsored acts of terrorism (such as hijacked planes) on U.S. and Cuban soil. The plan was proposed by senior U.S. Department of Defense leaders, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Lyman Louis Lemnitzer. Wikipedia

See appendix

Race

James H. Meredith, escorted by federal marshals, registers at University of Mississippi (Oct. 1).

Environment

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

The pesticide industry tried to have the book supressed and challenged it's findings. When CBS Television scheduled an hour-long news report on Carson's condemnation of the "rivers of death" the chemical industry was pouring into the country's water supply, two corporate sponsors withdrew. But the proverbial cat was out of the bag. The book remained on the bestseller list for months and remains in print. Al Gore credits Carson's work with prompting the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency though he points out that, for political reasons, the Agency has failed to live up to its promise. Only Aldo Leopold did as much, perhaps, to give scientific respectability to the environmental movement. Among other noteworthy elements of the book, it introduced the term ecosystem to the general public.

Ironically and sadly, while this controversy was swirling around the book, the author was dying of cancer -- a cancer that may have been caused by exposure to environmental carcinogens such as those she studied. She died in 1964. One measure of her influence may be seen in the fact that chemical industry sources are still passionately trying to convince people that she was wrong, that "man" can "control" nature through chemistry.

http://www.ecotopia.org/ehof/carson/bio.html  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Carson

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Leopold

There were new threats in June of 1962 from Ecuador, Columbia, Guatemala and Venezuela. “In its brief 18 months life the alliance had become an imperfect cover for traditional actions serving perceived US national security.” Dallek

Cuban missile crisis

USSR to build missile bases in Cuba; Kennedy orders Cuban blockade, lifts blockade after Russians back down (Aug.–Nov.).

Dec. 8, 1965. Cuba released 1,113 prisoners of 1961 invasion attempt (Dec. 24).

In July 1962 Raul Castro – currently the armed forces minister – travelled to Moscow to secure additional Soviet Military backing.

Mongoose had backfired completely – Castro managed to gain more Soviet support as a result. By early October 62, 20,000 Russian troops on Cuba. 150 jets, 350 tanks and greater than 1,000 heavy guns and anti-aircraft.

US surveillance revealed missiles. Soviet ballistic missiles capable of hitting targets up to 2,000 miles away.

October 22nd – JFK demanded the withdrawal of Soviet offensive missiles from Cuba and imposed a naval quarantine on the island to prevent the additional shipment of Soviet weaponry.

Executive Committee of the National Security Council – ExCom for short. Kennedy lost his usual good humour over Cuba. He decided on a naval blockade. USSR demanded the US pull its missiles out of Turkey in return for the missiles in Cuba. JFK had ordered those missiles out of Turkey months before as they were obselete. Which was lucky. Krushchev became positive when told this and MONGOOSE was terminated.

Suchlicki in 1997: “led to a thaw in US-Soviet relations, significantly strained Cuban-Soviet relations. Castro was not consulted throughout. Kennedy Krushchev negotiaating and the unilateral Soviet withdrawal of the missiles and bombers, wounded Castro’s pride and prestige.”

“After the missile crisis Castro increased contacts with communist China, exploiting Sino-Soviet dispute and proclaiming his intention to remain neutral and maintain fraternal relations with all socialist states.”

www.seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive/nsa/DOCUMENT/930827.thm

 “America’s top military brass presented a plan to President Kennedy that called for a fake terrorist campaign – complete with bombings, hi-jackings, plane crashes and dead Americans – to provide “justification” for an invasion of Cuba, the Mafia/corporate fiefdom which had recently been lost to Castro”.

Frequently harassed by Cuban exile groups based in Florida, the Cuban government introduced legislation in late 1963 obligating all Cuban males 17 to 45 to military service.

In 1963 the government abandoned all hopes for rapid industrialisation in Cuba, replacing the balanced growth strategy with an unbalanced strategy based upon expanding rather than reducing sugar production.” Leo Grande 1981.

PURSC was formally set up in February congree, with a much more selective membership procedure.

“The second attempt to build a new party constructed from the ground up. “mass method” by which workers nominate outstanding co-workers as candidates for membership and then ratify the party’s final recruitment decisions.

It was called United Party of the Socialist Revolution (PURS). ORI had been dismantled.

10th April 1963 JFK withdrew US support from the Cuban Revolutionary Council, the main exile organisation.

After three days of the Cuban Crisis people made remarks such as, “well we’re still here then!” After 5 days people stopped laughing.

Across the world billions held their breath as millions frantically prayed. American and NATO forces were, like those of the Warsaw Pact, placed on red alert as fleets of jets and bombers stood ready on the ground while others circled in the air – champing at the bit for the Go Code, the last order…”

“In a crumbing garret [Bob Dylan] began to furiously scribble the song “A Hard Rain”. It was made up of single lines from all the various unfinished songs he no longer believed he’d live long enough to complete…” Strongman and Parker, John Lennon and the FBI.

On Imperial Ambition

From an Interview with Noam Chomsky by David Barsamian in 2003.

Noam Chomsky: “the Kennedy liberals…In 1963, they announced a doctrine which is not very different from Bush's national security strategy report. This was in 1963. Dean Acheson, a respected elder statesman, a senior adviser to the Kennedy administration, delivered a lecture to the American Society for International Law in which he instructed them that, no legal challenge arises in the case of a U.S. response to a challenge to its position, prestige, or authority. The wording was pretty much like that. What was he referring to? He was referring to the U.S. terrorist war and economic warfare against Cuba. And the timing is quite significant. This was shortly after the missile crisis, which drove the world to the edge of nuclear war. And that was largely a result of a major campaign of international terrorism aimed at what's now called regime change, a major factor that led to the missiles being sent. Right afterwards, Kennedy stepped up the international terrorist campaign, and Acheson informed the Society for International Law that we had the right of preventive war against a mere challenge to our position and prestige, not even a threat to our existence. His wording, in fact, was even more extreme than the Bush doctrine last September (2001).

On the other hand, to put it in perspective, that was a proclamation by Dean Acheson. It wasn't an official statement of policy. And it's obviously not the first or last declaration of this kind. This one last September (2001) is unusual in its brazenness and in the fact that it is a formal statement of policy, not just a statement by a high official.”

Mid term elections

Democrats did well in 1962 – unusual for a party in power – it’s testament to the popularity of JFK. Nixon lost in his attempt to become governor of California. So he was well pissed off.

“The Senate seemed determined to thwart the will of the President”.

In 1962 Conservative Party of New York became a reality – Bill Buckley, Republicans who had had it with Rockefeller and Al Smith Democrats later to be called the “Reagan Democrats”.

Dan Mahoney and Kieren O’Doherty and Republicans sowed the seeds of the Conservative Party. New York Conservative Party ran a candidate for Governor – David Jackwith. Nelson Rockefeller was re-elected though. Nixon lost in Californian gubernatorial campaign – withdrew from politics.

Born again racist George Wallace (see 1958) was elected governor on a pro-segregation, pro-states' rights platform in a landslide victory. He took the oath of office standing on the gold star where, 102 years prior, Jefferson Davis was sworn in as President of the Confederate States of America. In his inaugural speech, he used the line for which he is best known:

“ In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.[3][4] ”

The lines were written by Wallace's new speechwriter, Asa Carter, a Klansman and longtime anti-Semite. Wallace later stated that he had not read this part of the speech prior to delivering it, and that he had regretted it almost immediately. However, he did not hesitate to repeat it.

JFK’s involvement in the Brazilian coup

 “Anti-communist show pieces” out of Guam and the Trust Territory of the Pacifc Islands to prove it cared about Asia/Pacific people- made better sense than Vietnam War said JFK advisor Anthony Solomon.

But JFK’s economic revival failed to appear – unemployment increased 5.3 to 5.8% in August. JFK wanted to implement tax cuts. Trade expansion Bill 1962 – January. Passed by congress in October. JFK hardly mentioned civil rights throughout 1962 – it had slipped off his agenda.

Cabinet Reshuffle (s)

OUT – Arthur J Goldberg as Secretary of Labor

IN – W Willard Wirtz

OUT – Abraham A Ribicoff, as Sec of Health, Ed and Welfare

IN – Anthony J Celebrezze

Cabinet Reshuffle (s)

OUT – J Edward Day as Postmaster General

IN – John A Gronouski

By early 1962 Brazilian military commanders had notified JFK’s ambassador, Lincoln Gordon, that they were organising a coup. At JFK’s personal initiative, the US began to lend clandestine and overt support to right wing political candidates. “Year 501” Chomsky.

The US detected a ‘leftwing’ shift in November 1961. JFK released $129million in funding a Brazilian stabilisation program to increase US influence over Brazil’s domestic policies. July 30th 1962 urged by Us ambassador in Brazil agreed to spend $5million funding anti-Goulart candidates in the election and let military know he’d support a coup if it were clear that Goulart was “giving the damn country away to the communists”

Dallek pp520/521/522

February 1962 the Brazilian state of Rio Grande de Sul expropriated US owned IT&T (international telephone and telegraph). Then what?

August 1st JFK signed Foreign Assistance Act of 1962. To aid countries under direct attack from “communism”.

Argentina   There was a military coup in 1962 against president Arturo frondizi. It was a “serious set-back to democratic hopes in the hemisphere”… “speculation that a Washington sponsored austerity program to stabilize the economy had helped to provoke the military’s action.”

“The IMF has had a complete lack of success in stabilizing economies in Latin America without the government falling over” – Schlesiger told NSC, April 12th – Dallek.

Alliance for Progress was failing and JFK was losing faith in it.

Civil War in Guatemala

A civil war had started in Guatemala 1960 – it was to last 36 years.

In response to the increasingly autocratic rule of Gen. Ydigoras Fuentes, who took power in 1958 following the murder of Colonel Castillo Armas, a group of junior military officers revolted in 1960. When they failed, several went into hiding and established close ties with Cuba. This group became the nucleus of the forces that were in armed insurrection against the government for the next 36 years.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/guatemala.htm

President General Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes was supported by the US because he allowed Guatemala to be used as a base for the attempted invasion of Cuba. When a revolt broke out in some army units on November 13th the USA provided B-26 bombers with exiled Cuban pilots to bomb the rebel bases. The revolt was crushed but two young lieutenants, Marco Aurelio Yon Sosa and Luis Turcios Lima, were so disgusted by the episode that they started a guerrilla movement of their own. It was the beginning of a long war.

www.onwar.com

Washington concerned there might be another election – why JFK supported a coup. Sent Green Berets to lead a counterinsurgency campaign which left many thousands dead. Maybe 8,000 to 10,000. The VP of Guatemala reported that US planes based in Panama carried out napalm raids in Guatemala. “Chomsky Reader”

www.virtuallibrarysumeria

Cuban missile crisis

USSR to build missile bases in Cuba; Kennedy orders Cuban blockade, lifts blockade after Russians back down (Aug.–Nov.).

Dec. 8, 1965. Cuba released 1,113 prisoners of 1961 invasion attempt (Dec. 24).

In July 1962 Raul Castro – currently the armed forces minister – travelled to Moscow to secure additional Soviet Military backing.

Mongoose backfired completely – Castro managed to gain more Soviet support as a result. By early October 62, 20,000 Russian troops on Cuba. 150 jets, 350 tanks and greater than 1,000 heavy guns and anti-aircraft.

US surveillance revealed missiles. Soviet ballistic missiles capable of hitting targets up to 2,000 miles away.

October 22nd – JFK demanded the withdrawal of Soviet offensive missiles from Cuba and imposed a naval quarantine on the island to prevent the additional shipment of Soviet weaponry.

Executive Committee of the National Security Council – ExCom for short. Kennedy lost his usual good humour over Cuba. He decided on a naval blockade. USSR demanded the US pull its missiles out of Turkey in return for the missiles in Cuba. JFK had ordered those missiles out of Turkey months before as they were obselete. Which was lucky. Krushchev became positive when told this and MONGOOSE was terminated.

Suchlicki in 1997: “led to a thaw in US-Soviet relations, significantly strained Cuban-Soviet relations. Castro was not consulted throughout. Kennedy Krushchev negotiaating and the unilateral Soviet withdrawal of the missiles and bombers, wounded Castro’s pride and prestige.”

“After the missile crisis Castro increased contacts with communist China, exploiting Sino-Soviet dispute and proclaiming his intention to remain neutral and maintain fraternal relations with all socialist states.”

www.seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive/nsa/DOCUMENT/930827.thm

Cuba

“America’s top military brass presented a plan to President Kennedy that called for a fake terrorist campaign – complete with bombings, hi-jackings, plane crashes and dead Americans – to provide “justification” for an invasion of Cuba, the Mafia/corporate fiefdom which had recently been lost to Castro”.

Frequently harassed by Cuban exile groups based in Florida, the Cuban government introduced legislation in late 1963 obligating all Cuban males 17 to 45 to military service.

In 1963 the government abandoned all hopes for rapid industrialisation in Cuba, replacing the balanced growth strategy with an unbalanced strategy based upon expanding rather than reducing sugar production.” Leo Grande 1981.

PURSC was formally set up in February congree, with a much more selective membership procedure.

“The second attempt to build a new party constructed from the ground up. “mass method” by which workers nominate outstanding co-workers as candidates for membership and then ratify the party’s final recruitment decisions.

It was called United Party of the Socialist Revolution (PURS). ORI had been dismantled.

10th April JFK withddrew US support from the Cuban Revolutionary Council, the main exile organsiation.

See Kennedy and Castro: the secret history

A fleeting back-channel contact between the two men managed by a network news woman.

Who runs CUBANET.ORG?

“It argues preposterously that these two hateful adversaries were on the verge of kissing and making up when Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.”

Actually based on sound documentary evidence from the FoI Act.

Lisa Howard “pretty, bland soap opera star turned news anchor who hosted ABC’s afternoon news” went on “a one woman crusade for rapprochement.”

She managed to arrange face to face meetings between members of US and US delegates to the UN. Howard was wife of a top CIA official – spearheaded a small group of Washington wives “who were trying to alter American politics by dosing their husbands with LSD.”

She turned against Kennedy and lost her job at ABC when she formed group to campaign against Kennedy’s senate campaign.

In 1965 she killed herself.

17 days before his death JFK had managed to organise an American intermediary meeting with Castro.

Cuba was trapped in a relationship with the USSR, but wanted to reach an accommodation with the US. The news was relayed to JFK by Adlai Stephenson on 19th September 1963. Kennedy Conspiracy p 303

JFK wanted the process to be kept secret – CIA officers had for years been trying to topple Castro. This is where Lisa Howard came in – to act as a go-between for contacts with Havana.

There is ambiguity in JFK’s attitude to Cuba. He seemed more liberal. But Bobby headed the anti-Cuban activities and there’s evidence in recent years that JFK was active in a duplicitous way towards Castro. Kennedy conspiracy p 304

The “signal” speech made in Miami on November 18th – Jean David said this was either an encouragement to Castro to stand up to “a small band of conspirators” or that JFK saw Castro as one of the “conspirators” to be removed. Kennedy conspiracy p 305

It’s likely that JFK was offering support to those who wanted to removed Castro. The Kennedy brothers, despite the Attwood contacts with Havana pressed ahead with plans for Castro’s removal and assassination.

CIA officers met with Rolando Cubela to discuss how the Cuban leader could be removed – through Autumn 1963 at the same time that JFK was openly in dialogue with Castro.

Dean Rusk talking in 1994 – he learned of the coup-planning some time agfter the assassination and explained it was an “either/ or situation - that went on frequently.” It was a dangerous game.

On cuba:

http://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/subject/bay-of-pigs/index.htm 

see strongman and parker pp 58/59/60; 62/63 66/67 – JFK conspiracy