1994

Republicans won mid term elections – and took over both houses in Congress for the 1st time in 40 years.

Recent rulings suggest “more restraint”. [Supreme] Court is allowing more government discretion in limiting abortion rights and affirmative action programmes, and is showing a willingness to reconsider earlier decisions in voting rights and segregation cases. – MAUK AND OAKLAND

John Loftus and Mark Aarons in “The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People” first reported the Bush family’s Nazi connections. Through Union Banking Corp (UBC), Prescott Bush and his father in law George Herbert Walker, along with German industrialist Fritz Thyssen financed Hitler before and during WW2. See also 1980, 1983.
Years later a classified Dutch intelligence file, leaked by a Dutch intelligence officer, along with newly surfaced information from Us government archives, “confirms absolutely” John Loftus says, the direct link between Bush, Thyssen and genocide profits from Auschwitz. The new information revealed how Prescott Bush and UBC profited from the holocaust.
The story begins in 1916 and is incorporated in the story told in this book. www.clamormagazine.org

“Partnership for Peace” program – NATO – 11th January 1994.

James Woolsey was appointed head of the CIA.
Don Glickman became Sec of Agriculture; William Perry became defence secretary.

Corporate Crime and ineffective government
The average American is really suffering – poverty is endemic. Michael Moore, dissenting film-maker, writer and t.v. presenter wrote in his first book, “Downsize This!” “White collar crime” causes more deaths and costs more money each year than all the street criminals combined.” “In 1994, burglaries and robberies cost us [America] $4bn in losses, while corporate fraud cost us nearly $200bn!” “Handguns last year caused around 15,000 deaths. Unsafe working conditions on the job & occupational diseases caused more than 56,000 deaths.” It is this attitude of tolerating corporate corruption which is one of the ways public money poured into the corporate sector. Public subsidy to fund private welfare for the rich. They were helping themselves to cash, swindling the public, and cutting corners on safety. All in the service of their already grossly swollen bank accounts.

US still flouting ethical standards
In April Clinton tightened the export policy on pesticides by requiring that foreign governments be notified of the shipments of US-banned or never-registered pesticides, but it did not stop such exports. In July the Boston Globe ran a story: “foul trade: using US exports can be risky”.
The four biggest buyers of US arms were Israel, turkey, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Clinton had opposed an arms sales “code of conduct “ to block transfers of weapons to nations with poor human rights records.

Whitewater
Jan. 12, Facing mounting pressure, Clinton requested a special prosecutor be appointed. Jan. 20, Robert B. Fiske Jr., a New York attorney, was appointed by Attorney General Janet Reno as independent Whitewater counsel. Feb. 24, Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman, who oversaw the RTC, acknowledged to the Senate Banking Committee he gave White House officials a "heads-up" on the RTC Madison criminal referrals. Feb. 25, Clinton aides George Stephanopoulos and Harold Ickes had a conference call with Altman to discuss RTC's choice of Republican lawyer Jay Stephens to head the Madison investigation. Feb. 25, Altman recuses himself from the RTC investigation of Madison. March 4, Six of Clinton's senior White House aides are subpoenaed by the FBI to testify. Fiske later subpoenas 12 more officials. March 22, David Hale, former municipal judge and owner of Capital Management Services, pleads guilty to two felony counts for defrauding the Small Business Administration. Hale implicated the president, saying Clinton pressured him to make a $300,000 loan in 1986. March 24, The House Banking Committee's top Republican, Rep. Jim Leach (R-Iowa), gave a floor speech accusing the RTC of stonewalling on public documents, and says he has evidence of a cover-up. March 24, Clinton went on national TV to defend Whitewater business dealings. April 22, Mrs. Clinton held a press conference to address Whitewater concerns. June 12, Fiske questions both Clintons under oath. June 30, In a preliminary finding, Fiske rules Vincent Foster's death a suicide, and that White House-Treasury contacts had not broken any laws. July 26, The House Banking Committee begins hearings on Whitewater. July 29, The Senate Banking Committee begins Whitewater hearings. Aug. 5, 1994 -- Former Bush Administration Solicitor General Kenneth Starr appointed as replacement for Fiske. Aug. 29, 1994 -- Roger Altman resigns as deputy Treasury chief, after Senate hearings into White House-Treasury contacts reveal inconsistencies in his testimony.

Middle East
Hebron Massacre
25th February, an Israeli extremist launched an attack and killed 48 Muslim Palestinian worshippers at Holy Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron, a West Bank town. This sparked wide-spread rioting and the introduction of an ineffective international observer force in Hebron.

Why did an Israeli kill 29 Palestinian worshipers in Hebron in 1994?
A bit of history
in 1929 -- Arab pogrom in which 67 Jews were murdered and the remainder were forced to flee -- that the city became temporarily an Arab-only city.
During the Jordanian occupation from 1948 to 1967, Jews were not permitted to live in the city, nor -- despite the terms of the 1948 Armistice Agreement -- to visit or pray at the Jewish holy sites in the city. Additionally, the Jordanian authorities and local residents undertook a systematic campaign to eliminate any evidence of the Jewish presence in the city. They razed the Jewish Quarter, desecrated the Jewish cemetery and built an animal pen on the ruins of the Avraham Avinu synagogue
After Judea and Samaria were recaptured by Israel in the 1967 Six Day War, Rabbi Moshe Levinger led a group of ten Jewish families to settle in Hebron and eventually develop Kiryat Arba. The Jews living in Hebron today have deep ideological convictions regarding maintaining the city's Jewish presence.
Hebron, with a small number of Jews living in the midst of the now-Arab city, has been the site of many violent incidents. Since 1968 over 24 Jews have been killed by Palestinian Hebronites, including six Jewish yeshiva students who were shot on their way from Sabbath prayers in 1980. Jewish settlers in the area have also been responsible for anti-Palestinian attacks, including the 1983 killing of three Palestinians at the Muslim College of Hebron and the January 1997 shooting of 7 Palestinians by Israeli soldier.

in February 1994, Dr. Baruch Goldstein, a resident of Kiryat Arba, opened fire with a Galil assault rifle on Muslim worshippers at the Machpelah Cave, murdering 29 and wounding 125. [Some Arab accounts claim many more deaths, but most reports agree on the number 29.]…it seriously impacted the peace process and led to the installation of an international observer force in Hebron, arrangements solidified by the Hebron Agreement between Israel and the Palestinians signed in 1997. All over the Middle East, Arabs rioted, attacked Jewish communities, and staged protests. The massacre remains a flash point of debate today, frequently cited to justify Arab terrorist attacks against Jews.
Goldstein was an IDF medical officer. Jews claimed he may have received reports circulating at that time of an impeding pogrom on the scale of 1929 that was to occur within days against the Jews of Hebron.
Other excuses: Goldstein lost friends to terrorist attacks and treated victims as their doctor. He may have been motivated by revenge.
Goldstein died at the hands survivors who killed him to end the attack.

On June 26, 1994, the Israeli Cabinet adopted the findings and recommendations of the Shamgar Commission's report on the Hebron massacre, which found that Baruch Goldstein alone was responsible for the murders at the Machpelah Cave.

The commission claimed that Baruch Goldstein acted alone in planning the massacre in advance and told no one of his plan before-hand; Palestinian testimony of army and Jewish help in the massacre was discounted as contradictory and inconsistent; no fragments were found that would support the testimony of survivors concerning a grenade explosion
The political leadership and security forces could not have been expected to predict such an attack.
The principal recommendations were to ban Jewish settlers and off-duty soldiers from entering the Cave with weapons, to separate Jewish and Arab worshippers with barriers, separate entrances and different schedules; to create a special guard unit for the Cave, to modify open-fire orders to include Jewish settlers in extreme circumstances and to enforce the law equally for both Arabs and Jews.
Baruch Goldstein was affiliated with the Israeli organization Kach (Hebrew for "Only Thus"), founded by radical Israeli-American rabbi Meir Kahane. The stated goal of Kach and its offshoot Kahane Chai, which means "Kahane Lives," (founded by Meir Kahane's son Binyamin following his father's assassination in the United States), is to restore the biblical state of Israel. Both organizations were declared terrorist organizations by the Israeli Cabinet in March 1994 following the groups' statements in support of Dr. Baruch Goldstein's attack on the al-Ibrahimi Mosque and their verbal attacks on the Israeli Government. The Shamgar Commission found that Kach was not involved in Goldstein's rampage and did not know of his plan.
- from a Jewish pro-Goldstein site.

The Israeli Commission of Inquiry which followed provoked an outcry when it revealed that Israeli soldiers guarding the site had orders not to fire on Jews attacking Palestinians.
“What Happened Where” p.105.

The day before Hebron soldiers fired ani-tank rockets and grenades at a stone house near Jerusalem killing a Palestinian and wounding one other. There were accused by the army of killing an undercover agent – no court case was needed.

Iraq
According to Senate report, from 1985, if not earlier, through to 1989 biological materials were exported to Iraq by private US suppliers pursuant to application and licensing by the US Dept of Commerce.
Bacillus Anthracis
Clostridium Botulinum
Histoplasma capsulatam
Brucella Melitensis
Clotsridium Perfringens
Clostridium tetani
Escerichia Coli
Genetic materials
Human and bacterial DNA
Dozens of other pathogenic biological agents shipped to Iraq during the 1980s
These shipments continued to at least November 28th 1989 despite the fact that Iraq had been reported to be engaging in chemical warfare and possibly bio-warfare against Iranians, Kurds and Shi’ites since the early 80s.
Washington and pro-Washington media started to use the rationale that Iraq is an “outlaw” state, rogue state or pariah state and the media obediently repeated all the buzz words – for ignoring a UNSC resolution. Israel ignored such resolutions but had never been an “outlaw” state.
The US too ignored the UN’s World Court ruling in 1984 to cease hostile military actions against Nicaragua and General Assembly resolutions over use of biological and chemical agents against Cuba since 1960s.

On October 7th Iraqi troops moved towards Kuwait and then pulled back after the US dispatched a carrier group and 54,000 troops and war-planes.

Turkish Kurds
The flight of over 1 million Kurds from the countryside to the unofficial Kurdish capital Diyarbakir, from 1990 to 1994, as Turkish army was devastating the south east regions of heavy Kurdish settlement.

Brazil
October – Fernando Henrique Cardoso of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party was elected outright as president of Brazil after helping to bring inflation under control. Makes controversial moves on land issue, seizing land for distribution among the poor, and allowing indigenous land claims to be challenged. He had previously served as foreign minister and as economy minister.

Former Soviet Union
Chechnya had declared independence in 1991 under Dzhokhar Dudayev. Chechens had been allied to the Germans in WW2 and were considered “fierce and ungovernable” by Russian rulers. With growing organised crime and smuggling in Chechnya, Russia launched a military assault in 1994. This embarrassed Yeltsin.

Bosnian VP
Ejup Ganic.
??



Yugoslavia
Market massacre in Sarajevo 5th Feb 1994.

Afghanistan
Being run by the groups that would in 2001 form the Northern Alliance. “The Supreme Court of the Islamic state in 1994, issued an Ordinance on Women’s Veil which decreed that women should wear a veil to cover the whole body, forbidding them to leave their homes “not because they are women but for fear of sedition.”

Jakarta APEC 1994
US $35bn contract for Exxon to co-operate with Indonesia’s Pentamina oil company to develop natural gas field for benefit of other US corporations and Indonesia’s state owned electrical company, led to a rapid increase in Exxon’s stock.

Western Oil Companies are plundering East Timor’s oil under a treaty between Australia and Indonesia. The repression continues unabated – slaughter of many people by Indonesian doctors in hospitals after November 1991 Dili massacre.
Under Clinton Congress cut off funds for military training.
The present government took power in 1965 – slaughter of hundreds of thousands – mostly landless peasants. Robert McNamara (Sec of Defence) informed LBJ that Us military assistance had “encouraged it”. Program that brought Indonesian military personnel to the US for training at universities.
With support of Senate Democrats the administration blocked human rights conditions on aid to Indonesia. Trade Rep Mickey Kantar – Washington to suspend its annual review of Indonesian labour practices.
“Reforms hastily pushed through by Indonesian government in recent months include withdrawing the authority of the military to intervene in strikes, allowing workers to form a company union to negotiate labour contracts, and raising the minimum wage in Kakarta by 27% to about $2 a day.” Guardian. New unions must join the all-Indonesian Labour Union – the state run union.

Northern Ireland
As the Americans became involved in Northern Ireland – British war, a RAF Chinook carrying the major figures in British anti terrorism, crashed on the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland, killing all 29 people on board. There has been much controversy over the causes of this crash, and to date no satisfactory explanation has been found. However it happened, it was terribly convenient for the US who were working to reverse British policy, which they did after this crash.

The helicopter crashed on the Mull of Kintyre in June 1994. an internal MoD document said the helicopter was unsafe. “An engineer working for the RAF sent a memo warning the MoD in London the Chinook’s engine control was faulty, less than 24 hours after the crash that killed the two pilots and 25 security staff from Northern Ireland.
“defence select committee inquiring into the crash” 24th November 1997. Result?
They will also challenge the assertion that Flight Lt Richard Cook and Flt Lt Jonathan Tapper were “grossly negligent”.
The engineer – Malcom Perks appeared on Channel Four news in 1997, 24th November.
John Cook – father of one of the pilots accused the MoD of covering up vital information. George Robertson, then the Defence Secretary (1997), later head of NATO, said the helicopter’s captain Flt Lt Jonathan Tapper had been “grossly negligent” but with little evidence.
The inquiry concluded that the cause of the crash was “a mystery” even though some Chinook pilots were so concerned about the engine system (software) that they had asked the MoD to suspend flights.
MORE – NORTHERN IRELAND.

Clinton appointed a second woman to the Supreme Court – NOT SURE WHAT YEAR – Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Panama
Panama’s governmental Human Rights Commission – right to self determination and sovereignty of the Panamanian people continues to be violated by the ‘state of occupation by a foreign army.’ January 1994.
DEA agents’ assault on a Panamanian journalist attacks a Panamanian citizens by US military personnel. Poor increasing since the ‘liberation’.
President Endora – a puppet regime of bankers, businessmen and narco traffickers installed by US military and protected.
Colombia cocaine cash is laundered through Panama’s financial industry.
Elections in May – Perez Balladores ahead in polls Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD).
The party of populist dictator Omar Torrijos (Noriega’s campaign manager for 1989 election who stole election – stopped following US orders) and Noriega.

El Salvador
Elections in 1994?
Tens of thousands of voters unable to vote because they did not appear on electoral lists – though they had ballot cards.
74,000 people in areas sympathetic to FMLN were excluded because they didn’t have birth certificates. Over 10% voters were barred. Governing ARENA party.
Murder for sale of organs – throughout domains of US influende – was officially conceded in 1993 by El Salvador.

Nicaragua
March 15th “Clinton administration accepted the Sandinistas as a legitimate political force in Nicaragua with all the rights and obligations of any party in a democracy supposing that it uses only peaceful and legitimate methods.” Sec of State Alexander Watson.
All the Sandinistas had tried to do was “maintain a non-aligned stand and balanced trade and to turn to Russians as a last resort, so that Washington’s attack could be construed as part of the cold war conflict in our back yard.”

Haiti
Louis Jodel Chamblain (FRAPH paramilitary death squad) was convicted and sentenced to hard-labour for life in trials for the April 23rd 1994 massacre in the pro-democracy region of Raboteau and in the Sep 11 1993 assassination of democracy – activist Antoine Izmery.
 “President Clinton procrastinated. Finally in 1994, he dispatched troops to reseat Aristide as president. But Clinton limited the military’s goals. He did not order the troops to disarm members of the illegal military gangs or train new security forces to protect Haitians in the countryside, where paramilitary thugs harassed the farmers”. Saul Landau “The Haiti Redux”.
“Aristide’s most prominent enemies and fragrant human rights abusers – fled to the US or the Dominican Republic. But they had stashed weapons on the island and waited for the opportune moment. Human rights violators like Col. Emanual Constant, a former CIA agent, walked confidently through the streets of Queens, New York. Some former army and Tonton Macoute officials have returned and joined the opposition.” Saul Landau “The Haiti Redux”.

According to an October 28th 1993 CIA intelligence memorandum "FRAPH members Jodel Chamberlain, Emmanuel Constant [founder of FRAPH - author's note] and Gabriel Douzable met with an unidentified military officer on the morning of 14th October to discuss plans to kill Malary".
Emmanuel Constant was contracted by a US military officer named Patrick Collins, who served as defense attaché at the US Embassy in Port-au-Prince. Constant says Collins pressed him to set up a group to "balance the Aristide movement" and do intelligence work against it. Constant admitted that, at the time, he was working with CIA operatives in Haiti. - article in the Nation by Allan Nairn, October 1994.

Rwanda
“John Major’s government misled the British people about what was happening in Rwanda until it was too late.”
Alibhai Brown 29/11/04

Slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Tutsis in Rwanda in early months of 1994. Had been building for years – even the blinkered US press had to take notice of this. Press overlooked Clinton administration’s laissez faire approach to the crisis – May  16th decision to prevent UN intervention in Rwanda.
Mid-June instructed officials to abstain from using the word ‘genocide’.
New York times: “many argue that the land-locked African nation has no ties to the US and no oil or other resources that would make American intervention worth the cost.”
Freedom of Information documents released in 2004 identified elite Presidential Guard as perpetrators of both shooting down of the Rwandan President’s plane and targeted killings that laid the basis for the ensuing slaughter of an estimated 800,000 Rwandans from April to July 1994.
“CIA’s report to top officials on day two of the crisis identified the Presidential guard, gendarmerie and military” as killers of “several government officials – including the Prime Minister.”
“State Department intelligence informed policy makers the morning after the shooting down of the plane that “rogue Hutu elements of the military – possibly the elite presidential guard” were probable culprits.
“The US defense attaché in Rwanda, who reported to state department, defense intelligence and US European Command officials, on the 2nd day forwarded “reports that the presidential guard is “out of control” on the streets of Kigali while all other military units remain in their barracks.”
President Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda’s plane was shot down over Kigalig Rwanda – 8pm April 6th 1994 – Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi was on board – returning from a summit of regional leaders in Tanzania. Senior aides and French air crew also died.
The Pres Guard set up roadblocks in Kigali within hours and went house to house to find and attack prominent Rwandan opposition leaders and Tutsi civilians. By noon on April 7th the moderate political leadership of Rwanda was dead or in hiding.
US responded with statements offering condolences and condemned the violence established inter-agancy committees and intra-agency task forces to monitor the situation and coordinate policy.
Contacted Belgian and French officials to coordinate a response. Ordered evacuation of US citizens.
William Ferroggiaro of the NSA – “Gen Dallaire [UN Commander in Rwanda] and others on the ground in Rwanda believe if we’d acted at that point we might have stopped the killing before it spread.”

North Korea
US and NK signed a deal under which NK agreed to freeze its nuclear weapons program in exchange for free oil and two light water reactors. But Korea, in 2003, saidthey kept working on it. Indie, 11/02/04.

GATT talks in Uruguay – accepted 15th april.
Mandella was elected president of South Africa on 9th June.
Russia signed Partnership for Peace treaty in June.
North Korea rejected IAAE July.
South Korea dictator Kim Il-Sen died 8th July.

El Salvador
There was a general election on March 20th. Tens of thousands were unable to vote because they did not appear on the electoral lists, though they had ballot cards. 74,000 people in areas sympathetic to the FMLN were excluded because they didn't have birth certificates. Over 10% of voters were barred.
ARENA were the governing party and supported by the US. ARENA was the party of death squads (see 1985). Just before the elections there was a "resurgence in death squad style murders and death threats."
Rubin Zamara's left coalition. Jose Maria Medez fled the country shortly after being awarded "lawyer of the century" - threatened with death unless he convinced V-P candidate of the left to resign.
America's Watch reported cover ups and refusal to investigate. US government human rights office and UN observer mission reported the "grave deterioration in citizen security" made worse by "organised violence in the political arena".
The abstention rate was 45%. Apathy? David Clark Scott? ARENA made big gains at the municipal level. FMLN did much worse than expected. There was also a huge discrepancy between votes cast and municipalities won. ARENA did much better than the number of votes cast for them would suggest.

Mexico
The Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) seized four towns on poor southern state of Chiapas - Zapatista uprising on the 1st of January 1994. This was the same day that NAFTA came into force and shocked US investors . The Zapatistas called on Mexicans to stand up for the values of 'land, liberty and reform' for which their grandparents had fought.
"The next three years were to see brutal massacres and reprisals. The Chiapas uprising was part of a long history of regional wars in Mexico stretching from the divisive struggle for independence through the secession of Texas and the loss of California". New Internationalist or NSA?
See the Mexican Revolution 1910 to 1917. It was a series of regional disputes - not as lazy history would have it - a struggle between dictator Porfirio Diaz and a "rag bag army of peasants and bandits." The fringes of mexico have rarely been effectively governed and even today [2004] there are thousands of drug-runners and himan traffickers in the seas and skies under mexico's jurisdiction.
See NSA for Mexican military's human rights abuses.
Gafe (Air-Mobile Special Forces Group) – created by Mexican military planners in the aftermath of the 1994 Chiapas debacle when the army was shown to be poorly equipped for a “low-intensity” war – under a 1996 agreement with Washington, Gafe officers were trained in “counter-narcotics” operations by the 7th special forces group at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.