space 1999

 “Corporate think-tank influence extends even into the branch of government designed to be immune to it: the judiciary. Some of that influence is exerted by intervention in lawsuits to make arguments that favour industry. In 1999, eg, the Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation, the funding arm of CSE, paid for “friend of the court” briefs that sought to declare the Clean Air Act unconstitutional. Where might a nonprofit charity like CSEF come up on short notice with the money required to pay lawyers who can charge $5,000 an hour? Answer: the Claude Lambe Foundation, also controlled by the Kochs, which gave CSEF $600,000 for “general operating support”; the DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund, which kicked in another $250,000; and General Electric, which matched the DaimlerChrysler Fund’s donation. There’s no way of knowing whether that $1.1million paid for the legal briefs but that amount buys a lot of lawyers, even at Washington prices”.

January 1999
1999: January - Racak village massacre of civilians, 45 ethnic Albanians slain. Western allies demand that Serbs and Kosovar Albanians meet for peace talks. January 16 -- The bodies of more than (or less than according another source) 40 ethnic Albanians who were apparently executed are found in the village of Racak. International community condemns this massacre of civilians. Dr S D Stein. It was at a scene of recent fighting in southern Kosovo, in what appears to have been a mass execution. In response, Nato sends two senior military officers to Belgrade to warn the Yugoslav authorities that they face air strikes if they do not end the violence.
January 18 -- The international community expresses outrage over the Yugoslav Foreign Minister's decision that OSCE Kosovo Verification Mission Director Ambassador William Walker must depart the country within 48 hours. January 19 -- General Wesley Clark, NATO Commander, states his forces are prepared for action. January 21 -- Yugoslav government reconsiders and says Ambassador Walker may remain.  - January 29 -- Six-nation contact group meets in London and gives Serbs and ethnic Albanians an ultimatum to attend peace talks in France starting February 6.  - Dr S D Stein.

February 1999

John Ehrlichman died on February 14th.
Linda Tripp who secretly recorded phone calls with Lewinsky led to the impeachment of Clinton was charged with illegal wire tapping – later dropped.

February - Peace talks at Rambouillet, France.
February 1 -- Two more political leaders in Kosovo say they will participate in proposed peace talks.  -Dr S D Stein,
February 2 -- KLA spokesman says group will send representatives to the peace talks in France.  .  -Dr S D Stein,
February 4 -- Yugoslav government agrees to join peace talks which started on February 6 -- Peace talks to halt ethnic violence in Kosovo open in Rambouillet, France, under the auspices of the Contact Group and the co-Chairmanship of Hubert Vedrine and Robin Cook.  .  -Dr S D Stein,
February 23 -- Both sides conditionally agreed on greater autonomy in Kosovo. The ethnic Albanians agreed in principle to sign the political accord but wanted to return home and consult further before fully accepting the agreement. The Serbs continued to have reservations about signing an agreement and about the use of NATO forces in Kosovo. Both sides agreed to meet again in France on March 15 for more negotiations. .  -Dr S D Stein,

March 1999
In March 1999, following mounting repression of ethnic Albanians and the breakdown of negotiations between separatists and the Serbs, NATO began bombing  military targets throughout Yugoslavia, and thousands of ethnic Albanians were forcibly deported from Kosovo by Yugoslav troops.
NATO launched a series of attacks during March against military and industrial targets in Serbia and Kosovo, until Serb forces withdrew from the region three months later. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia indicted Milosevic on charges of crimes against humanity during the NATO bombing. The Milosevic era according to PBS
March 15 -- The ethnic Albanian delegation in Paris agreed to accept the autonomy deal proposed at last month's meetings in Rambouillet. Clinton encouraged Milosevic to agree to the terms as well in order to avoid further conflict and bloodshed. .  -Dr S D Stein.
The second round of talk got underway in Paris, but fighting continued in Kosovo.
15 March - Albanian delegation at Rambouillet agreed to international demands.  Yugoslav Army placed at border with Kosovo to launch "Operation Horseshoe" to systematically displace, execute and drive out Albanians from Kosovo.
On 18th ethnic Albanians signed a deal that called for interim autonomy and a NATO force of 28,000 to monitor the region. Milosevic responded by reiterating Serbian disapproval and the talks are again suspended without an agreement. The Serbs returned home under the threat of NATO air-strikes.
March 19 -- The peace talks adjourn in failure, following the refusal of the Serbs to sign on, and international monitors prepare to leave Kosovo. .  -Dr S D Stein,
20 March - 1,400 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) international verifiers evacuated from Kosov@.
March 22 -- Shelling edges toward Pristina as the Serbs step up hostilities. .  -Dr S D Stein.
US diplomat Richard Holbrooke visited Belgrade to convince Milosevic to agree to NATO’s terms – unsuccessful.
24 March: NATO bombing of military targets started in Serbia.  Up to 300 killed in error by NATO in the period to the end of the bombing on 10th June.  In the same period over 800,000 Kosovar Albanians were forces to flee, their homes burned behind them and 11,000 were killed or "disappeared".
  By the end of June, 90% of the refugees who had fled Kosov@ had returned.
  A few returning refugees retaliated violently against Kosovar civilian Serbs and Roma (who were believed to have aided in the ethnic cleansing of earlier months).  In spite of KFOR protection 14 Serb farmers were murdered returning from harvesting; others also were attacked and killed.  Nine-tenths of Serb civilian Kosovars fled (mostly to Serbia proper) in terror.  There they received very poor welcome, many were actually forced back into Kosov@.
March 24 -- NATO begins the air strikes on targets in Yugoslavia that are to become a daily, increasingly severe, occurrence.  -Dr S D Stein. – “to force Serbia to cease hostilities and allow ethnic Albanian refugees to return to their homes in Kosovo.” – infoplease.
http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/Kosovo/Kosovo-chronology3.htm  
“The justification is supposed to be that there were no diplomatic options and that it was necessary to stop ongoing genocide. It is not hard to evaluate these claims.
As for diplomatic options, when the bombing began, there were two proposals on the table, a NATO and a Serbian proposal. After 78 days of bombing a compromise was reached between them-formally at least. It was immediately undermined by NATO. All of this quickly vanished into the mists of unacceptable history, to the limited extent that it was ever reported.
What about ongoing genocide-to use the term that appeared hundreds of times in the press as NATO geared up for war?  That is unusually easy to investigate. There are two major documentary studies by the State Department, offered to justify the bombing, along with extensive documentary records from the OSCE, NATO, and other Western sources, and a detailed British Parliamentary Inquiry. All agree on the basic facts: the atrocities followed the bombing, they were not its cause. Furthermore, that was predicted by the NATO command, as General Wesley Clark informed the press right away and confirmed in more detail in his memoirs. The Milosevic indictment, issued during the bombing-surely as a propaganda weapon, despite implausible denials-and relying on U.S.-UK intelligence as announced at once, yields the same conclusion: virtually all the charges are post-bombing.   Such annoyances are handled quite easily. The Western documentation is commonly expunged in the media and even scholarship. The chronology is regularly reversed, so that the anticipated consequences of the bombing are transmuted into its cause.
There were indeed pre-bombing atrocities: about 2,000 were killed in the year before the March 1999 bombing, according to Western sources. The British, the most hawkish element of the coalition, made the astonishing claim-hard to believe just on the basis of the balance of forces-that until January 1999 most of the killings were by the Albanian KLA guerrillas attacking civilians and soldiers in cross-border raids in the hope of eliciting a harsh Serbian response that could be used for propaganda purposes in the West, as they candidly reported, apparently with CIA support in the last months. Western sources indicate no substantial change until the bombing was announced and the monitors withdrawn a few days before the March bombing.   In one of the few works of scholarship that even mentions the unusually rich documentary record, Nicholas Wheeler concludes that 500 of the 2,000 were killed by Serbs. He supports the bombing on the grounds that there would have been worse Serbian atrocities had NATO not bombed, eliciting the anticipated crimes. That's the most serious scholarly work. The press, and much of scholarship, chose the easier path of ignoring Western documentation and reversing the chronology.” Chomsky 2005.
March 29 -- The tide of refugees fleeing Kosovo for Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro increases amid reports of Serbian atrocities. .  -Dr S D Stein. Three US troops were captured on the Serbian-Macedonian border on the 31st.
April 1999
April 6 -- Serbia declared a unilateral cease-fire; NATO rejected the offer as meaningless and continued daily air attacks, remaining insistent on full compliance with allied demands.  .  -Dr S D Stein,
“Serbian troops force thousands of ethnic Albanians out of the town of Djakovica. At least 47 men, possibly dozens more, are believed to have been rounded up and shot. Serb forces are also accused of raping women and destroying many ethnic Albanians’ citizenship papers.” On April 13th.
Then on the 14th NATO bombs accidentally hit two convoys of ethnic Albanian refugees being escorted by Serbian police. Yugoslav officials put the death toll from the incident at more than 60.
April 23rd at height of NATO bombing of Belgrade, US Cruise Missiles destroyed the HQ of Radio TV Serbia (RTS). 13 journalists and staff were killed, many more injured. RTS were the only station covering the conflict from Serb point of view. For weeks before US had been destroying TV transmitters and private TV facilities in Serbia. NATO Air Commander David Wilby had demanded airtime to put NATO’s case to RTS viewers. What? “Let us explain why we’re bombing you.” Would any reason be acceptable to serb viewers?
RTS and Serbian government did agree to broadcast six hours of NATO propaganda in return for six minutes of Yugoslav news on European and US networks. But NATO bombed RTS anyway. US General Wedley Clarke overruled objections from other NATO countries.
27th April ‘The UN and Human Rights Watch later report that Serbian troops committed one of their worst civilian massacres on this day. 200 to 300 men are believed to have been killed in the village of Meja. Witnesses tell of Serb troops systematically clearing and burning villages, then separating men aged 18 to 65 from their families and shooting them.” Infoplease.

May 1999
May 2nd – Jesse Jackson on his 4th day in Belgrade succeeded in winning the release of the three US hostages after negotiating with Milosevic.
May 5th – two US pilots killed in an Apache helicopter crash in Albania.
May 6th – first group of ethnic Albanian refugees arrived in the USA. Before and during the course of the air strikes, hundreds of thousands of Kosovars abandoned their homes. Some forced by Serb troops, other sby fear – massive refugee crisis. – primarily affected Albania and Macedonia. 860,000 ethnic Albanians left Kosovo between March and June.
7th May the US claimed they made a mistake when they bombed Chinese embassy in Belgrade.
Three Chinese journalists were killed. NATO blamed outdated maps. Massive protests in Beijing – US ambassador was trapped in the US embassy for more than 48 hours. The ‘mistake’ puts great strain on the delicate relationship between China and the US.
13th May over 80 ethnic Albanians killed and at least 100 injured when NATO bombed a village believed to be a Serb military post NATO claimed the victims were being used as ‘human shields’.
21st May NATO hit a KLA stronghold – 1 killed, 15 injured.
27th May Milosevic formally indicted – with 4 other Yugoslav officials – accused of deporting 740,000 ethnic Albanians from Kosovo and murder of over 340 identical victims.
“An astonishing 2,700 media people accompanied NATO forces when they entered the province [Kosovo] at the end of the bombing campaign.” ‘fighting dirty’ Grauniad, 30/03/2000.

Daily briefing at NATO. HQ in Brussels. Briefings at MoD in London. Media meetings at Pentagon. Press conferences at the White House. Statements from Clinton, Blair, etc.
The satellite phone – ‘the star of the war’ and communications technology, but ‘we drowned in wave after wave of words and images that added up to nothing.’
‘the most secretive campaign in living memory’ wrote British War historian Alistair Horne. ‘lots of material but no information.’ Says Sky war correspondent Jake Lynch. British journo wrote ‘the first international conflict fought by press officers…The military had won its 150-year battle with war correspondents.’ See Panama invasion 1990.
“The lies, manipulation, propaganda, spin, distortion, omission, slant and gullibility involved in trying to report the conflict brought war correspondents to their current crisis point.”
“Congressional fact-finding mission to Yugoslavia between April 18th and 21st. Congressmen felt they could trust neither the administration nor the media to tell them what was really happening.”
“Pentagon and MoD have manuals updated after every war, which serve to guide the way they will manage the media. These manuals follow basic principles – appear transparent and eager to help; never go in for summary repression or direct control; nullify rather than conceal undesirable news; balance bad news with good; and lie directly only when certain the lie will not be found out during the course of the war.
LIES – “We were not told that the CIA helped train the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) before the bombing began. We were not told that the KLA realised its attacks on Serbian policeman would bring retaliation on ethnic Albanian civilians but it went ahead anyway because it hoped that Serbian atrocities would bring in the West – as they did.” Grauniad. 30/03/2000.
“We did not realise at the time that NATO was lying when it said it did not deliberately attack civilian targets. It was not until June that NATO’s commander, General Wesley Clark admitted that NATO planes were targeting “phase 3” (civilian) targets.”
“We believed when it said that after the war it would disarm and disband the KLA. But Jonathan Dimbleby wrote in January that the KLA remained in control of the streets. NATO had delivered Kosovo from one catastrophe into another, and western leaders had remained silent about outrages taking place there.”
“We believed NATO when it said it was systematically destroying the Serbian army in Kosovo, only to learn after the war that this was simply not so. We believed the figures the state department and Pentagon released for the number of ethnic Albanians murdered by Serbs, only to see them coming tumbling down – 500,000, then 100,000, then 10,000 – when NATO entered Kosovo and sufficient mass graves failed to materialise.”
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Indictment of Milosevic was on the 27th May – based on unverified information provided by US intelligence one day earlier, was needed by NATO to cover up its intensifying bombing of Serbian civilian sites – a violation of international law.

After the NATO bombing of Kosovo atrocities escalated from the level of US backed atrocities in the western hemisphere to a scale that might compare with US backed ethnic cleansing within NATO itself.

During the summer of 2000, Milosevic called for early elections, hoping to beef up his democratic facade. His plan backfired, however, and voters elected the opposition candidate Vojislav Kostunica, a constitutional lawyer. Milosevic initially refused to concede defeat, but resigned after several hundred thousand Serbs took to the streets in nonviolent protest to demand the end of his 13 years of rule. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0771127.html

In Macedonia Trajkovski is the new president. Immediately confronted by huge tensions between Macedonian population and the Albanian minority. Died in a plane crash in 2004 – same place that Ron Brown died.

Us and its allies acted out of “altruism” and “moral fervor” – bombing was to save Koovans “from horrors of suffering, or from death.” Chomsky, “Hegemony or Survival” page 55. SEE FOR MORE.

June 1999
In June, Milosevic agreed to withdraw from Kosovo, and NATO peacekeepers entered the region. Demonstrations in the latter half of 1999 against Milosevic failed to force his resignation. Meanwhile, Montenegro sought increased autonomy within the federation and began making moves toward that goal. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0771127.html

June 3rd – Milosevic and Serbian parliament accepted a proposal drawn up by representatives from Russia, the EU and the US.

June 9th – Formal agreement for withdrawal of serb troops from Kosovo and halting of NATO bombing. International NATO force to monitor Kosovo and return of refugees.

June 10th – UN Sec Council approved a resolution that authorises plan for peace in Kosovo by vote of 14 – 0. China abstained.

June 11th Russia uninvited turns up to join in the peace-keeping party in Kosovo – tensions.

September 1999
George W Bush – Monkey Man
Based on article by Martin Kettle on Wednesday September 29, 1999
George W Bush was 17 points ahead of Al Gore but election was still  is still 13 months away.
Through spring and summer of 1999 a steady trail of emissaries and ambassadors beat a path to the governor’s mansion in Austin in search of clues as to what a GWB government might mean for the world. The governor has sub-let the issue of foreign affairs to his advisors, Cheney, the Asian specialist Richard Armatage, and Russia Specialist Condoleezza Rice.
“He has been notably reluctant to address international issues on the campaign trail so far, and with good reason, for almost whenever he has ventured to do so, he has committed the kind of errors that have been conspicuously absent from other areas of his campaign.”
“Bush confused Slovakia and Slovenia. He spoke about the East Timorians rather than the East Timorese, and the Grecians rather than the Greeks. He ducked almost all questions about Kosovo. He said he opposed engagement with China, then announced that he was in favour of it.
The identities of those contributing to Bush’s speeches (in addition to Cheney, Armitage and Rice, there was input from Brent Scowcroft, Colin Powell and George Shultz).
In Kettle’s view, so far Bush has shown his administration will be “a conclusive and authoritative turn back towards the foreign policy thinking of the 1980s. At its heart were three principles: increased military spending with an emphasis on high-technology weaponry; a selective concentration of US military power against those nations deemed to be strategic enemies (Russia, China, North Korea and Iraq were named); and a rejection of the Clinton era internationalist doctrine of universal engagement”.
Including a “commitment to increase the Pentagon budget while cutting public spending elsewhere”, and “increase the military budget from its current $270bn total, with a $20bn expansion of weapons research and development, and an extra $1bn a year on military pay”. There was a “declaration of faith in the anti-ballistic missile defence system derived from” Star Wars. Bush said: "At the earliest possible date, my administration will deploy anti-ballistic missile systems, both theatre and national, to guard against attack and blackmail." “he will focus 20 per cent of the entire US weapons procurement budget into hi-tech programmes.”
“a major military build-up against Russia and China for decades to come. This would abrogate the US's treaty obligations under the Salt I anti-ballistic missile treaty that Richard Nixon signed with Moscow in 1972.”
Bush will reverse the “Clinton administration's policy of peacekeeping around the world. Bush wants to avoid what he calls "vague, aimless and endless" US troop deployments in global trouble spots.
And pledged "an orderly and timely withdrawal from places like Kosovo and Bosnia".
“Clinton's neo-Wilsonian globalism is anathema” to the Bushites. They intend to shift foreign policy back to a post-cold war Pax Americana, in which standing tough against strongly armed strategic adversaries stands at the fixed centre of American thinking, and in which crises like East Timor or Kosovo are the responsibility of regional US allies, if necessary acting alone.

John Ashcroft “toyed with a run for the Whoite house himself before concluding that the Bush juggernaut was unstoppable.”

October 1999
Egyptair flight 990 October31st 1999 - rival theories to explain the disaster. But it will take months, or even years, to establish the true cause. It came down off 60 miles off Nantucket island on Sunday. The wreckage is 250ft under water. US coast guard and navy methodically criss-crossed a 36 square mile patch of the Atlantic off Nantucket island 1st  November, air traffic controllers were collating images from radars across the region for clues to the fate of EgyptAir Flight 990.
no initial evidence of a terrorist attack, FBI criminal investigators have worked alongside the air accident specialists from the national transport safety board (NTSB) from the very beginning of the search.
The CIA has begun its own search, looking back through the regular hum of hostile noises generated by extremist groups of all brands for anything out of the ordinary. At the time of Flight 990, however, a CIA source said there was "a no-threat environment".
In Egypt, the radical fundamentalist group Gama'a Islamiya was negotiating a truce with the government, while Islamic Jihad (which has links with the Afghan-based terrorist mastermind Osama Bin Laden) has "no background or expertise" in planting bombs on planes.
The Grapple played a central role in salvaging TWA Flight 800 two years ago, Swissair Flight 111 last September and John F Kennedy Jr's private Piper Saratoga in July, all in the same broad area of the north-west Atlantic.
The initial findings suggested that, as the 767 plunged from 33,000ft it maintained a straight course for the first 40 seconds of the nosedive. That finding seemed to undermine initial speculation that one of the thrust reversers (used to slow the plane down on landing) had accidentally engaged in mid-air, as happened in the 1991 crash of a 767 in Thailand. If a thrust reverser had engaged it would have immediately flicked the plane into a sharp turn. Investigation teams have been put together made up of investigators from Boeing, Egyptair, the Federal Aviation Administration and the FBI.
This time, the FBI agents have promised to behave themselves and not race ahead of the evidence as they did with TWA 800.

November 1999
WTO Conference
In November – a “curfew imposed National Guard sent in after biggest protest since Vietnam.” Thousands of anti-Free Trade activists – up to 100,000. Teargas and rubber bullets used. A state of emergency was declared by city mayor Paul Schell, WTO DG – Mike Moore.
GB trade and Industry Secretary said, “I have been tear-gassed”. Glenys Kinnock complained of “intimidationg behaviour of the riot police.”


December 1999
In late December 1999, in an interview with The Observer in London, Carla Del Ponte was asked if she was prepared to press criminal charges against NATO personnel for alleged war crimes in Kosovo by NATO pilots and their commanders. She replied "If I am not willing to do that, I am not in the right place. I must give up my mission"[3].
This was followed by various negative official responses, military and civilian, from the US and Canada. Del Ponte's office subsequently issued a statement, dated four days later: "NATO is not under investigation by the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICTY. There is no formal inquiry into the actions of NATO during the conflict in Kosovo"[4]. – notes from original text.
Wikipedia


1999
Coca Cola
“Coca Cola – the world’s largest user of refined sugars, spent a total of $1.6bn on marketting worldwide.”

Iraqi Sanctions
The US and GB alone on the sanctions Committee have used their veto and delayed contracts. Kofi Annan was virtually appointed by the US and even he complained about delays and vetoes.
Between 1991 and 1998 there were 500,000 deaths above the normal rate for under fives.
Halliday: “if you include adults the figure is now almost certainly well over a million.”
In 1999 70 congressmen signed a blunt letter to Clinton – saying lift the embargo.
Madeleine Albright the US ambassador to the UN  was asked, “we have heard that half a million children have died…is the price worth it?” “I think this is a very hard choice, but the price – we think the price is worth it.”
The elite in Iraq, of course, are just dandy, the embargo is not hurting them.

From an official history: Concise History of the United States by Andrew Sinclair, offers only two lines on the Gulf War and subsequent treatment dealt by UN and US to Iraq: “the slaughter was such that Bush called off the American and British tanks before they reached Baghdad…all of the sanctions and inspectors from the UN did not prevent Saddam from rebuilding his war machine with a potential nuclear and toxic capacity.” – in 1999 – and NOT TRUE!!

Daily bombing campaign by USA and UK - managed to kill 144 civilians in 1999 alone. Is this what Robin Cook meant by an ethical foreign policy? – Haifa Zangana, 2002.

Turkey
In April – ethnic cleansing occurring in Kosovo close to NATO’s borders as NATO celebrated its 50th anniversary “it required impressive discipline for participants and commentators ‘not to notice’ that some of the worst ethnic cleansing of the 90s were taking place within NATO itself and within the jurisdiction of the Council of Europe and The European Court of Human rights, which regularly issues judgements finding NATO member Turkey “responsible for burning villages, inhuman and degrading treatment and appalling failures to investigate allegations of ill treatment at the hands of securing forces.”
Washington supports Turkey’s membership of the EU. However the EU has rejected Turkey due to its appalling human rights record.
The toll of internal refugees in Turkey has increased perhaps to 2 ½ to 3 million along with unknown numbers who have fled the country.

Brazil
A surprising devaluation of the Real. It lost around 40% of its value against the dollar when the country’s foreign exchange policy was relaxed on January 13th.

Panama
Colombian troubles spilling over into Panama from 1996.
The US have ‘prodded’ Bogota to safeguard Panamanian territory and canal.
After 1998, FARC guerrillas were forced to seek refuge across the border in Panama’s Darien region. But FARC’s Frente 97 continues to operate all along the border, mostly engaged in logistics. In June 1999 the guerrillas briefly took over the border settlement of Sapzurro.
Castano threatened attack on any civilians or Panamanian National Guardsmen they suspect of “collaboration” with the FARC. As of mid 1999 on estimated 7000 Colombian peasants had fled into Panama to escape guerrilla and para-military violence. September 1999 government announced it would deploy 1,500 already stationed in the border area.
Facing Colombian guerrillas and para-military offensives taking place on Panamanian soil and to curb the flow of drugs and arms transiting the region.

Terrorism
George Tenet – “we acquired information that enabled us to break up a large terrorist cell in Jordan that had been planning to blow up the Radison Hotel, Holy sites and Israeli tour buses, and that had plans to use chemical weapons. Ahmed Ressom was arrested coming across the Canadian border.
“in the spring of 1999, we put in place a new strategic operation plan whose central focus was to gain intelligence on OBL through penetrations of his organisation…which we called…”The Plan”.” George Tenet.

An Old Enemy Refusing to Die?
Russia caught CIA agent ‘red-handed’ in Moscow and the USA changed a US navy officer with passing submarine secrets to Russia – just like the tit for tat spy-uncovering that used to be a regular fixture.
KGB is now the FSB. Washington – in summer ’99 – warned Russia to reduce the number of spies.

Ciudad Juarez Cartel
Mexico
Run by Amado Curillo Fuentes – cross border drug smuggling.

CYPRUS – Un talks on Cyprus ended in 2000 – inconclusive.